What is a recommended strategy to mitigate practice effects in repeated assessments?

• A. Ignore potential practice effects.
• B. Use alternate forms when available, space intervals, and interpret changes cautiously.
• C. Administer the same form back-to-back.
• D. Increase testing frequency to monitor stability.

Answer: (B)

Practice effects arise when people perform better on repeated assessments simply because they’re more familiar with the test, not because their underlying status has changed. A solid way to counter this is to use alternate forms whenever possible, so the exact items differ across sessions and item-specific memory is less likely to inflate scores. Spacing the intervals between assessments also helps by reducing carryover from prior testing and weakening automatic test-taking strategies. Finally, interpreting any observed score changes with caution acknowledges that some change may reflect measurement artifacts rather than true change in the construct being measured. Together, these approaches help keep repeated assessments from overestimating improvement or decline. Ignoring practice effects can lead to biased conclusions, while giving the same form back-to-back tends to amplify memory and familiarity advantages, and increasing testing frequency can increase the very biases you’re trying to avoid.