What is the purpose of norming a test, and what information does a norm group provide?

• A. To measure test reliability across populations.
• B. To identify biases in items.
• C. To establish reference distribution reflecting a defined population; it provides percentile ranks, standard scores, or z-scores for comparison.
• D. To calculate test duration.

Answer: (C)

Norming a test creates a reference distribution from a defined population so scores can be interpreted relative to that group. The norm group provides percentile ranks, standard scores, or z-scores, which translate raw scores into a common scale and show where a person stands compared to peers. This makes it possible to judge whether a score is typical or unusual for the target population and to compare performances across different tests or groups on a shared basis. Norms must come from a representative sample of the population for whom the test is intended to ensure interpretations are accurate. This process isn’t about reliability, item bias, or test duration; those areas address different aspects of test quality.